Dr Ros Kidd      Historian - Consultant - Writer

Brisbane Writers Festival ­ 14 September 2006

President John von Doussa

Launch of ‘Trustees on Trial:­ recovering the stolen wages’ by Dr Rosalind Kidd

I would like to acknowledge that we are meeting on traditional Aboriginal land and pay my respects to the traditional owners past and present.

It is my great pleasure to be here today to launch Trustees on Trial:­ recovering the stolen wages by Dr Rosalind Kidd.

As many of you know, for over a decade Dr Kidd has been a tenacious and dedicated advocate for the rights of Indigenous people. She has focused especially on the gross inequities that occurred through and under the various ‘Protection Acts’ that operated in Queensland from the 1890s to the 1980s.

In 1996, Dr Kidd was an expert witness in the Palm Island Wages Case. In this case the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission found that the past decisions of the Queensland government to pay wages to Aboriginal people employed by the Government at about one third the rate payable to non-Aboriginal people was in breach of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth). In response, the Queensland Government introduced the ‘Underpayment of Award Wages Process’ in 1999.

This process made available a single payment of $7000 to people employed by the Government in Aboriginal Reserves between 31 October 1976 ­ the date the RDA commenced ­ and 29 October 1986 ­ from which point ordinary award wages were paid to everyone.  However, this compensation payment left two other aspects of the stolen wages campaign unresolved.

The first issue was the underpayment of wages to Aboriginal people employed by church organisations on mission communities.  This topic is presently the subject of litigation in the Federal Court.[i]  The first claim against Queensland was unsuccessful at trial. The court found that the underpayment was not a result of discrimination contrary to the RDA primarily because the church, not the government, was the employer. 

That decision is under appeal, and there are other similar cases awaiting trial. It remains to be seen whether Queensland is ultimately found liable as an accessory to the underpayment of Indigenous workers by the church organisations as it provided funding for the employment.

The second remaining aspect of the stolen wages campaign is central to Trustees on Trial. It concerns the fate of the savings, wages, endowment payments and pensions of Indigenous people that were controlled by State of Queensland under the Protection Acts.  It seems that these moneys, on being taken by a ‘Protector’, were in the first instance credited to accounts in the names of the persons concerned.  Certainly the legislation contemplated this.  But the moneys so credited have never been properly accounted for.

After sustained pressure from Stolen Wages campaigners ­ including Dr Kidd ­ in 2002 the Queensland Government conditionally offered a one-off payment of $2000 or $4000 to Aboriginal people under the ‘Indigenous Wages and Savings Reparations Process’. Many eligible applicants did not accept this offer.

Trustees on Trial explains this low take up rate was partly due to an inadequate consultation process with affected communities, and an understandable perception that the offer was ‘too little, too late’. Moreover, many Indigenous people felt that the paltry amount on offer for what was ¬ in some cases ¬ almost a lifetime of lost wages was simply insulting.

Dr Kidd has harnessed all her considerable skills as a historian to show why these feelings are justified. She meticulously documents the devastating impact of the Queensland Government’s administration of Indigenous affairs under the very laws that purported to protect Indigenous people.

The book records instance after instance of the misappropriation, misuse and loss of moneys taken into care by the ‘Protectors’. Tragically, the loss of these moneys has resulted in many Indigenous people being caught in a cycle of intergenerational poverty that persists to this day.

At its commencement the book announces that its purpose is to bring a legal perspective to the realities of history. To this end, Dr Kidd develops the argument that the ‘stolen wages’ came into the hands of the state in circumstances that render the state a trustee, subject to a host of fiduciary duties which impose continuing legal obligations to account for all these moneys and to compensate in today¹s value for all that was lost.

From a legal point of view the issues are complex. Academics and lawyers can debate the prospects of legal action based on the principles of equity explored in Trustees in Trial ad infinitum. However, the moral obligation of Queensland to provide a just outcome for Indigenous workers who were systematically robbed over many years is clear.

Perhaps the greatest values of Trustees on Trial is to lay bare the historical record of financial mismanagement and the moral failure of previous Queensland Governments to act on evidence of systematic underpayment, fraud and suspect dealings with trust moneys. The book gives justification for the often expressed view that the issue of stolen wages is one of the great scandals of Australia¹s history.

As Geoffrey Robertson QC observes in the forward to his book, Premier Beattie at least put forward a scheme that his government hoped would achieve an outcome, and for that perhaps he at least deserves two cheers for acknowledging a responsibility. However, the Stolen Wages Reparation Process has not resolved many of the key issues. This failure to reach a just and equitable outcome in response to one of the great scandals of Australia history continues to act as a bar to reconciliation.

Trustees on Trial is unashamedly intended to give the Stolen Wages Campaign new impetuous by disclosing to the world what really happened.

In his forward Geoffrey Robinson QC expresses his view that the equitable principles which Dr Kidd has explored may not be the best way forward.

I too wonder whether litigation based on the obligations and duties of a fiduciary is the best way forward.

I think the solution most likely to advance the cause of reconciliation would be a negotiated settlement. This settlement must truly be the result of real negotiations ¬ not solution imposed unilaterally by government on a take it or leave basis.

It must be a settlement arrived at through proper consultation with Indigenous communities it seeks to redress. It must be a settlement that recognises on one hand the moral and legal obligations resting on the Queensland Government and, on the other hand, the reality that any figure of compensation can only be an arbitrary approximation of the true loss and the need for communities to discount their claims somewhat to achieve finality without further delays.

It is clear that whatever other flaws may be found in the 2002 Reparation Process, the amount offered was obviously too low ¬much less than the arbitrary amount available to people under the Palm Island Case process and pitifully little for what was ¬ for some people ¬ a lifetime’s work.

The scandal of the ‘stolen wages’ is not confined to Queensland. Similar problems, though perhaps on a lesser scale, also arose under the ‘Protection’ policies of other states, and ¬ despite some progress in some states ¬ they remain to be resolved.

Dr Kidd’s book makes a very valuable contribution to understanding why the stolen wages scandal is still a live issue. It should be read by every non-Indigenous person in Australia so that they can understand the continuing resentment and frustration simmering within Indigenous communities over the Stolen Wages.

The Senate Legal and Constitutional References Committee is presently holding an Inquiry into stolen wages in Australia and the research contained in Trustees in Trial provides a timely resource for the Committee as it tackles this important and difficult issue.

I congratulate Dr Kidd, on this her second book, and have must pleasure in formally declaring Trustees on Trial launched.